新托福基本句型——非谓语动词作定语

新托福基本句型——非谓语动词作定语

广州环球雅思学习资讯 非谓语动词作定语

1.不定式短语用作定语。
    不定式作定语大多用一般式，位于所修饰的名词之后，表示要做的行为动作。有许多名词习惯用不定式作定语，如time, way, right, chance, reason 等，而且与不定式保持某种逻辑上的语法关系。
    Silence please. I've something to tell you.(动宾关系)
    Is there anything important in his remark for us to listen to?(动宾关系)
    One of the common ways to ger heat is to bum fuel.(动状关系)
    Give me some paper to write it on.(动状关系)
    There are seedlings to be lifted tomorrow.(主谓关系)
    He is always the first to come to the office.(主译{关系)
    Every one of us has the right to vote.(同位关系)
    They received orders to start at once.(同位关系)

2.动名词(V+ing形式)用作定语。
    动名词作定语与普通名词作定语相近似，多为表示用途。与不定式相比，尤其是与分词相比，使用频率低，句法作用弱，且不构成短语。
    drinking water  饮用水     selling price       售价
    writing desk    写字台     reading material    阅读材料
    building site   建筑工地   playing field       运动场
    swinuning pool  游泳池     copying machine     复印机

    作定语的动名词与所修饰的名词之间可以加上连词符号，构成复合名词。
    sleeping-pill        安眠药片     dining-car        餐车
    studying-timetable   学习时间表   running-path      跑道
    waiting-room         候车室       walking-stick     拐杖

3.分词(V+ing和V+ed形式)用作定语。
    分词作定语，要注意与被修饰语的位It。单个分词前置，分词短语后置，但过去分词常见单个后里情况。分词短语可与一般时态及进行时态的定语从句替换;定语从句中若用情态动词或时态意义难以用分词表示时，则不能替换。
    The huge pine tree standing(=that stands) near the fishing grounds was planted in the latter part of the thirteenth century.
    This is the very book recommended(=which was conunended)by our teacher.
    He suddenly remembered that he had not packed his hunting boots drying(=which were drying)outside.
    The apple tree, swaying(= which was swaying) gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.
    (用逗号分开，为非限制性定语。)
    The work done(=which is done) is not equal to the force applied(=which is applied).
    Any student having handed(=that has handed)in his paper must leave the classroom immediately.
    (此句用完成式作定语，属极个别情况，与被修饰词用不定代词作定语有关，意为“凡……者，皆须……”，含有概括和强调的意思。)
    分词作定语是否转换成定语从句.主要是根据修辞色彩和时态意义的要求。当两种形式一皆可用时，应考虑修辞问题;当分词受时态意义限制不能表达，或要用明确的时间状语和表现较强的情态意义时，则须用定语从句，以下句子中不能用分词代替定语从句。
    Teaching is the most difficult of the various ways I have attempted to earn my living.
    In my view there are no difficulties that~ man can not overcome.
    The project that began three months ago has been entirely fulfilled.

    注:现在分词和动名词都可作定语，两者的主要区别是:现在分词作定语，与被修饰词有主谓逻辑关系(分词实际上是被修饰词发出的一个动作)，并能构成短语或转成从句，分词与被修饰词在句中均需重读;而动名词作定语，则与普通名词作定语相似，不表示被修饰词的动作而是表示用途，也不能构成短语或转换成从句，在句中仅重读动名词本身。

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